Splashing can also happen at 3m depending on what kind of shower head you have and how it is set...
However, with "normal" shower behavior and 1.5m it's probably the limit... we have 1.2m and a tile outside the shower occasionally gets wet... so about 30cm more.
I agree with mycraft. It can’t be perfect. We currently have a walk-in shower and the partition (glass) is at least 1.5m deep. Based on this experience, it shouldn’t be less. In front of the shower, we have a bath mat.