How are heat pumps preferred?

  • Erstellt am 2014-11-18 19:47:12

nathi

2014-11-18 19:47:12
  • #1
I have read several times now that heat pumps are preferred by the energy saving ordinance, but never anything concrete. Could someone perhaps explain to me to what extent such a preference takes place? Direct subsidies for them have not been available for quite some time, so that cannot be what is meant.
 

nordanney

2014-11-18 19:53:54
  • #2
"Preferred" in the way that a heat pump is advantageous as a heating system in the energy certificate (and also has low consumption). This is not directly reflected in EUR.
 

nathi

2014-11-18 19:57:10
  • #3


Ok, and how exactly? If I understand correctly, the final energy demand is calculated for the certificate based on the walls, etc., and then multiplied by a factor depending on the heating system to obtain the primary energy demand. And that then determines whether you are allowed to build / which KfW funding you receive. Or am I wrong somewhere?
 

nordanney

2014-11-18 19:59:53
  • #4
No idea, I'm just a "dumb" builder. The specialists can explain to you better how the calculations are done exactly.
 

DerBjoern

2014-11-19 08:50:23
  • #5
Yes, that's correct, this is done via the primary energy factor.

Heating oil 1.1
Natural gas, liquefied gas 1.1
Hard coal 1.1
Lignite 1.2
Wood 0.2
Electricity 2.4

A heat pump is powered by electricity. Electricity has a high primary energy factor, but a heat pump does not convert electricity into heat energy one-to-one; instead, it does so with a factor depending on the COP/annual performance factor, which in turn depends on the type of heat pump. For example, consider an air-source heat pump that works with a factor of 3. It would theoretically produce 3 kWh of heat energy from 1 kWh of electricity. Or conversely, 1 kWh of heat energy requires 0.333 kWh of electricity. Multiplying this by the primary energy factor results in 0.333 kWh * 2.4 = 0.8 kWh of primary energy. For heating oil or gas, it would be 1 kWh of heat energy * 1.1 = 1.1 kWh of primary energy.

This way, I can manage that a house with the same insulation requires less primary energy than another house. However, the primary energy says nothing about the costs one has to bear oneself. In this case, for a heat pump, at a price of 22 cents/kWh for electricity, you would pay (0.333 kWh * 0.22) 7.3 cents per kWh of heat energy. For natural gas, at a price of 6 cents per kWh, you would pay 1 kWh * 6 cents = 6 cents. (Of course, you also have to assign an efficiency to the gas heating, which I have simplified and omitted.)

Since the Energy Saving Ordinance requires not only a value for insulation (Ht) but also for primary energy (Qp), the heat pump is thus favored. Your primary energy demand is calculated by multiplying your heat demand by the primary energy factor, which is determined by your heating system technology. The heat demand depends on your insulation (Ht) in connection with the building size and ventilation losses.
 

f-pNo

2014-11-19 11:28:05
  • #6
Now that's what I call an (for me) interesting post. Good explanation - thank you very much. Learned something new again.
 

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