Hello Holzzauber,
I don’t have any direct experience with a raised bed yet, but I have planted vegetables in window boxes last year and this year. A window box is even further removed from a "real" bed than a raised bed, but it worked and is working again. Last year I had tomatoes and spring onions as well as some herbs. The tomato plants didn’t grow as tall as in a real bed but still bore some fruit. Herbs and spring onions grew normally. This year I’m trying with chilies and so far it looks pretty good. Unfortunately, I don’t know how it would work with cucumbers/potatoes/etc. :D
How do you plan to set up the raised bed? Because if you build a proper wooden frame around an existing bed and fill it with soil, the plants don’t have any disadvantages. You just have to make sure to use the right wood so it doesn’t rot immediately and you can enjoy it for several years.
Best regards,
Micha